Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-9 (of 9 Records) |
Query Trace: Rossetto É V[original query] |
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Investigation and contact tracing of the first cases of COVID-19 in Mozambique, 2020.
Braga JM , Banze AR , Dengo-Baloi L , Evaristo VL , Rossetto EV , Baltazar CS . Pan Afr Med J 2022 41 302 INTRODUCTION: contact tracing is an important strategy to interrupt the spread of infectious disease and prevent new cases. After the confirmation of the first positive case of COVID-19 in Mozambique on March 22, 2020, case investigation and contact tracing were immediately initiated, which included clinical and laboratory monitoring of cases and contacts throughout the quarantine period. We aim to describe the methodology and impact of early investigation and contact tracing. METHODS: in the context of implementation of the national COVID-19 preparedness and response plan, guidelines and forms for contact tracing were adapted from the existing World Health Organization (WHO) and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. The case definition used was "patient with travel or residency history in a country reporting local transmission of COVID-19 during the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms". The cases interviews were face to face and contacts were followed up daily by phone calls for 14 consecutive days: using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered in an electronic Excel database. We collected samples for diagnosis of those who developed symptoms and provided quarantine follow up. RESULTS: a total of 8 cases were confirmed, of which 6 (75%) were male. The average age of the cases was 51, median 44 (range: 31 to 80) years old. The majority of cases presented common symptoms of COVID-19, including headaches (50%), cough (37.5%), and fever (25%). Our case series included the country´s index case, two close positive contacts, and 5 additional cases that were not epidemiologically linked to the others and identified by the COVID-19 national surveillance system. All of them were identified in Maputo City from March 22 to March 28. Cases had a total of 123 contacts and all of them were tracked; 79 were contacts of the first case. From all the contacts in follow up, two had laboratory confirmed COVID-19. All cases and contacts were quarantined and none of them developed severe symptoms or required hospitalization. CONCLUSION: timely case identification and systematic contact tracing can be effective in breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission when there is strong collaboration between epidemiological, laboratory surveillance and case management. |
Mask use in public places in Maputo City, Mozambique: Cross-sectional survey
Balate D , Afai G , Sallé F , Simone T , Baltazar CS , Zulliger R , Rossetto É V . PLoS One 2023 18 (8) e0288957 INTRODUCTION: The use of face masks is one of the preventive measures that Mozambique adopted in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. A study carried out from May 25 to June 6, 2020 found that although many wore masks, incorrect use was observed in 27.5% of the population observed. This data collection aimed to measure the degree of mask use compliance during a more protracted, higher second wave of transmission. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the City of Maputo from 19 to 28 October 2020 through direct observation of mask use of all individuals present in markets, supermarkets and bus terminals. The data were collected using mobile phones with the Open Data Kit Collect (ODK) data collection program. Sociodemographic characteristics, mask use, and type of mask used were documented. Factors associated with incorrect mask use were evaluated considering sex, age, observation period and location. RESULTS: A total of 49,404 individuals were observed, of whom 24,977(50.6%) were male, 46,484 (94.1%) were adults and 17,549 (35.5%) were observed in the markets. An observed 41,786 (84.6%) wore a mask, of whom 33,851 (81.0%) used it correctly. Not covering the mouth and nose was common; observed in 4,649 (58.5%) of those using incorrectly. Of different types of masks, fabric masks were most often used incorrectly 7,225 (21.4%). The factors associated with incorrect mask use were female gender (OR = 1.2 [1.1-1.3], p <0.001), observation in peri-urban versus urban areas (OR = 1.9 [1.8-2.1], p <0.001) and observation during the afternoon (OR = 1.5 [1.5-1.6], p <0. 001). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of observed individuals wore a mask in the context of prevention of COVID-19, however some non-use and incorrect use persists. Intensified public awareness of the correct use of the mask is recommended, especially in peri-urban areas and at the end of the day. |
Evaluation of the health information system for monitoring and evaluating the voluntary medical male circumcision program in Mozambique, 2013-2019
Elias HI , Langa JC , Braga JM , Nukeri Z , Rossetto EV , Baltazar CS . Pan Afr Med J 2022 42 (no pagination) 236 Introduction: the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mozambique has increased from 11.5% in 2009 to 13.2% in 2015. The Mozambique Ministry of Health (MOH) developed a 5-year strategy (2013-2017) for male voluntary medical circumcision (VMMC) to increase in the provinces where there is the greatest number of HIV. We aimed to evaluate the health information system for monitoring and evaluating VMMC in Mozambique from 2013-2019. Method(s): we reviewed the records of the National Health Information System for Monitoring and Evaluation (SIS-MA) database for VMMC of the MOH. The evaluation was based on the updated guidelines for the evaluation of public health surveillance systems of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Result(s): the coverage rate for VMMC in Mozambique in the period under study was (89%) (1,784,335/2,000,000). The system was expected to circumcise for the year 2019 (162,052) and 390,590 was reached, exceeding the target 241.0% (390,590/162,052). Of the total number of men circumcised, 0.7% (12,391/1,784,335) were HIV-positive (previously tested) and 0.4% (6,382/1,784,335) had a record of adverse events in the period under review (2013-2019). Zambezia Province had the highest VMMC coverage (in numbers) at 16.0% (396,876/2,476,395) while Maputo City had the least 19.7% (107,104/543,096). The system was able to operate both online and offline and continue functioning with introducing new changes (e.g. the new male circumcision complication reporting). Conclusion(s): the system was representative, flexible, simple, with good data quality and low acceptability. We recommended continuous and routine entry of quality data into the system, guide organizations for improved functioning. Copyright © 2022, African Field Epidemiology Network. All rights reserved. |
Evaluation of the HIV drug resistance surveillance system in Mozambique, 2017-2018.
Nuvunga S , Langa DC , Baltazar CS , Sacarlal J , Rossetto E , Vubil A . Pan Afr Med J 2022 43 162 In the past ten years, the prevalence of primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) drug resistance has ranged from zero to 25%, with higher and increasing rates in countries with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), a specific case in Mozambique. World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that countries implement and routinely evaluate representative HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) research to monitor the emergency and transmission of HIV drug resistance mutations. This study aimed to describe the functioning of the system and also to identify gaps in the sensitivity, representativeness and quality of the data using the WHO methodology for Pre-Treatment and Acquired Approaches. We conducted a descriptive evaluation of the information system for surveillance of HIVDR in Mozambique in 2017-2018, based on updated guidelines for evaluating of public health surveillance systems from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The evaluation was conducted in all provinces using secondary data extracted from a cross-sectional survey database on HIVDR, with HIV positive cases at the beginning of ART aged ≥15 years. The system was described through informal conversations with HIVDR stakeholders and the simplicity, data quality and representativeness attributes were evaluated. With 322 positive cases at the beginning of ART (mean age=32.5 years, SD±11.1), about 63.0% (203/322) cases were women and 37.6% (121/322) men. The system was implemented in 25 health facilities distributed across all 11 Mozambican provinces and was considered representative. The system used two data collection instruments, the ART book and the form accompanying samples sent to the reference laboratory. The ART form, with 27 variables, was sent offline at two levels (health facility and National Institute of Health (NHI)), accompanied by dried blood spot samples for viral load testing and genotyping in the NHI virology laboratory, and was considered simple according to the standardized criteria. The system´s data quality was considered regular at 79.9%, with about 59.8% (1156/1932) of variable fields completed and 100% (1932/1932) consistency. The system used a single national laboratory to measure the prevalence of resistance to HIV drugs and was considered simple, with regular quality and representative data. We recommended public health efforts such as conducting genotyping tests be expanded to the provincial level, and periodic monitoring of system´s data collection procedures using forms. |
Factors associated with knowledge about malaria prevention among women of reproductive age, Tete Province, Mozambique, 2019-2020
Afai G , Rossetto EV , Baltazar CS , Candrinho B , Saifodine A , Zulliger R . Malar J 2022 21 (1) 76 BACKGROUND: Mozambique is a malaria endemic country with an estimated prevalence of malaria in children 6-59 months old that is twice as high in rural areas (46.0%) as in urban areas (18.0%). However, only 46.0% of women aged 15-49 years had complete knowledge about malaria in 2018. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with malaria knowledge among women of reproductive age in a high malaria burden district. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional study, using a population-based malaria research study in Mágoe District, 2019, were analysed. This analysis included women aged 15-49 years. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine factors associated with complete knowledge of malaria that calculated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p < 0.05 significance level. Complete malaria knowledge was defined as when a woman correctly identified: fever as a malaria symptom, mosquito bites as the means of malaria transmission, mosquito nets as a tool for malaria prevention, malaria as curable, and were able to name an anti-malarial. RESULTS: A total of 1899 women were included in this analysis. There was complete malaria knowledge among 49% of the respondents. Seventy one percent mentioned fever as one of malaria symptoms, 92% mentioned mosquito bite as the cause of malaria infection, 94% identified that mosquito nets prevent malaria, 92% agreed that malaria has cure, and 76% were able to name at least one anti-malarial medicine. In the multivariate analysis, the following characteristics were associated with significantly higher odds of having complete malaria knowledge: having a secondary school or above education level (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 2.5 CI [1.3-4.6] p = 0.005), being from the middle socioeconomic status group (aOR = 1.5 CI [1.1-2.1] p = 0.005), being from older age group of 35-39 (aOR = 1.9; CI [1.1-3.1] p < 0.001), having 1-2 children (aOR = 1.8; CI [1.2-2.6] p = 0.003), and having interviews completed in Portuguese or Cinyungwe (aOR = 2.3; CI [1.3-4.1] p = 0.004 and aOR = 2.1; CI [1.5-2.8] p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Most women in this study had some malaria knowledge, but gaps in complete knowledge remained. In order to broaden knowledge, educational messages about malaria prevention should be more effectively targeted to reach younger, less-educated women and in non-dominant languages. |
Challenges for malaria surveillance during the COVID-19 emergency response in Nampula, Mozambique, January - May 2020.
Afai G , Banze AR , Candrinho B , Baltazar CS , Rossetto EV . Pan Afr Med J 2021 38 254 Since the announcement of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in January 30th 2020, 68 countries reported to the World Health Organization that they were experiencing disruptions in malaria diagnosis and treatment. This situation had the potential to lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment, which could result in an increase in severe cases and deaths. This analysis was based on findings from a field visit, carried out between June 30th and July 1st, 2020, to a warehouse, to two health facilities, and a meeting with a community health worker, and an descriptive epidemiologic data analysis of health information system (HIS) to evaluate trends of the number of people tested for malaria and number of malaria cases reported, by comparing data from 2018, 2019 and 2020 for the period between January and May. The two health facilities and the warehouse had about two months of stock of antimalarial drugs, and patients with malaria symptoms were being tested for malaria at the COVID-19 screening site. The HIS data showed that the number of reported malaria cases decreased by 3.0% (177.646/172.246) in April, and 7.0% (173.188/161.812) in May, when comparing 2019 and 2020 data. People tested for malaria in community increased by 39.0% (190.370/264.730), between 2019 and 2020. The COVID-19 may have had a negative impact on the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in HF. The decrease in people tested for malaria in the health facilities may have overwhelmed the activities of the community. |
Cyclone Idai as a Trigger for Pellagra Outbreak in Nhamatanda, Mozambique: A Case-Control Study
Mugabe VA , Mahumane A , Semá C , Rossetto É V , Nhabomba CS , Fataha N , Nyamula U , Sotomane A , Irugula W , Canze B , Inlamea OF , Kitron U , Ribeiro GS , Samo Gudo E . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 104 (6) 2233-2237 In mid-June 2019, 3 months after cyclone Idai landfall in Mozambique, health authorities of Nhamatanda district reported an outbreak of Pellagra. Applying a mixed-method protocol, we carried out an investigation to characterize cases of pellagra, identify the associated factors for the outbreak using a case-control study, and explore the perceived impact on food security (availability, access, and usage) before and after Idai. We collected data from 121 cases and 121 controls and conducted in-depth interviews with 69 heads of households. The cases were more likely to be female (P < 0.01) and less educated (P < 0.01) than controls. Insufficient consumption of chicken and peanut before cyclone Idai arrival were statistically associated with pellagra (P < 0.05). From interviewed households' heads, 51% were experiencing food shortages even before the cyclone hit. Cyclone Idai served as a trigger to reduce niacin consumption below the threshold that protected Nhamatanda population from pellagra and caused a ≈2,300 case (707.9/100,000 inhabitants) outbreak. |
Mozambique Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program as responders workforce during Idai and Kenneth cyclones: a commentary
Baltazar CS , Rossetto EV . Pan Afr Med J 2020 36 264 The ability to rapidly and effectively respond to public health emergencies, including outbreak investigations and natural disasters, is critical in a strengthened health system. In March and April 2019, the impact of tropical cyclones Idai and Kenneth in Southern Africa and subsequent flooding resulted in devastating consequences to the Mozambique health care system. In this article, we highlight the role of Mozambique's Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) graduates as first responders during one of the most significant natural disasters on the African continent. The FELTP graduates played a key role in conducting risk assessments, active epidemiological surveillance for priority communicable diseases, and outbreak investigations and supporting the laboratory diagnosis system. The cyclone emergencies in Mozambique revealed the vulnerability of the health system. It is vital to continue the investment in increasing epidemiological capacity of health human resources, staff to adequately prepare for and respond to public health emergencies to mitigate the negative health impacts associated with those events. |
Historical perspectives and guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature
Peck MW , Smith TJ , Anniballi F , Austin JW , Bano L , Bradshaw M , Cuervo P , Cheng LW , Derman Y , Dorner BG , Fisher A , Hill KK , Kalb SR , Korkeala H , Lindstrom M , Lista F , Luquez C , Mazuet C , Pirazzini M , Popoff MR , Rossetto O , Rummel A , Sesardic D , Singh BR , Stringer SC . Toxins (Basel) 2017 9 (1) Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future. |
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